East Timor 735 km long coastline. The territory is mountainous, coastal plains and valleys, large areas of tropical rain forest climate, plain, valley is a savannah climate, annual average temperature 26 ℃, annual average relative humidity is 70% ~ 80%. The average annual rainfall of 1200 mm to 1500 mm, but regional differences: the northern coastal areas from May to November for the dry season, from December to May is the rainy season, the annual precipitation is 500 mm to 1500 mm; the southern coastal area from June to December for the dry season, from December to February and from 5 to June is the rainy season, precipitation for the 1500-2000 mm; the annual precipitation is 2500 to 3000 mm in the central mountain.

    Before sixteenth Century, Timor, once successively from Sumatra as the center of the Srivijaya Kingdom and Java as the center of the Ma Japahit (with Bo Yi) kingdom series

    East Timor indigenous people. At the beginning of sixteenth Century, the Portuguese colonists invaded the island of timor. In 1613, Holland forces invaded in 1618, set up base in West Timor, crowding out the Portuguese forces to the eastern area. In eighteenth Century, the British colonists had briefly controlled West timor. On 1816, Holland returned to the island of Timor colonial status. In 1859, the Portuguese, Dutch treaty, to carve up the island of timor. The eastern part of Timor island and oecussi belong to the Portuguese, Dutch East India (now west into Indonesia). In 1942 the Japanese occupation of East Timor. After the Second World War, Australia was responsible for the management of East Timor, shortly after the resumption of the Portuguese colonial rule of East Timor, East Timor in 1951 will be changed to the Portuguese sea provinces. In 1960, the fifteenth session of the UN General Assembly adopted resolution 1542, announced that East Timor island and subsidiary for the "non self", by the Portuguese management.

    Portugal April 25, 1974 outbreak of "armed forces movement" to overthrow the dictatorship, the Portuguese began to democracy and the decolonization process. In 1975 the government allowed East Timor to hold a referendum, the implementation of national self-determination. East Timor's Pro independence Fretilin (referred to as the RUF), that maintain relations with the Portuguese Democratic Alliance (CDL), advocate with Indonesia merged Timor people's democratic Association (ADPL) between three parties hold different political views lead to civil war. The RUF in November 28, 1975 unilaterally declared the independence of East Timor, the establishment of the Democratic Republic of the East Timor. In December the same year, the Indonesian troops in East Timor, announced in 1976 twenty-seventh Province East indonesia. In 1975 December the UN General Assembly adopted a resolution, requirements of Indonesian troops, called for respect for the territorial integrity of East Timor and the people's right to self-determination. Since the United Nations General Assembly to consider the issue of East Timor times. In 1982 the General Assembly vote in support of the people of East Timor to self-determination resolution. From 1983 to 1998, the Secretary General of the United Nations brokered, Portugal and Indonesia government on East Timor for more than a dozen rounds of negotiations.

   In 1997 the outbreak of the Asian financial crisis in 1998, the Suharto regime to step down. In 1999 January, Indonesian President Habib agreed to East Timor through referendum choice autonomy or out of indonesia. In May 5th, Indonesia, Portugal and the United Nations three square in East Timor held a referendum to sign the agreement. In June 11th, the UN Security Council passed a resolution to set up the United Nations Mission in East Timor (UNAMET), in August 30th, presided over the East Timor referendum. East 450000 registered voters, about 440000 people participated in the vote, 78.5% of them voted for independence. President Habib said the same day to accept the voting results. After the vote, with the pro independent bloodshed, the deteriorating situation in East Timor, the United Nations was forced to withdraw from the mission, about about 200000 refugees fled to West timor. In September, President Habib announced to the multinational force in East Timor. The Security Councilpassed a resolution authorizing, founded by an Australian led multinational force is composed of about 8000 people, and in September 20th officially stationed in East Timor, Indonesia to garrison and the transfer of power. In October, the Indonesian people through consultative meeting resolution formally approved East Timor from indonesia. In the same month, the Security Council passed resolution 1272nd, decided to establish the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET, referred to as unta), to take full control of the internal and external affairs of East Timor.